IN THE MIDDLE OF A DRIZZLY SPRING night in 1865, a bearded stranger with a broken leg knocked on the door of a Maryland country doctor. The patient was John Wilkes Booth, who just six hours earlier had injured himself leaping to the stage of Ford's Theater after assassinating Abraham Lincoln. The doctor was Samuel Alexander Mudd, who set the leg only to be arrested and sentenced to life in prison for his supposed role in the assassination conspiracy.

With that, the phrase "Your name is mud" was given new meaning, much to the chagrin of countless Mudd descendants—especially the doctor's grandson Richard Dyer Mudd. Even though he never knew his grandfather, the 91-year-old Saginaw, Mich., physician has been determined—make that extremely determined—to clear the family name. Samuel Mudd was released from prison after four years, following his pardon by President Andrew Johnson, but Richard points out that a pardon is not a declaration of innocence. Since 1926, Mudd has enlisted the support of Presidents and politicians, written books and lectured around the country about his grandfather's innocence.

In January, Richard and 20 members of the Mudd clan went to Washington, D.C., on behalf of the 423 known living descendants of Dr. Sam (one of whom is former PBS newsman Roger Mudd). The delegation petitioned the Army Board for Correction of Military Records to set aside the conviction. Says Richard: "Enough is enough."

While he awaits the Army's decision, Mudd and son Tom, one of his seven children, are caring for Rose Marie, Richard's wife of 64 years, who recently suffered a stroke. Still, he says, "I'll do whatever it takes to get my grandfather exonerated."

There's just one hitch: Even if Dr. Sam is at long last declared innocent, his name will still be Mudd.

This week's cover

On Newsstands Now!

Saved by the Bell Reunion

The hookups, the meltdowns, the memoires

The case reveals what was really going on what they think of each other now!

Get 4 FREE PREVIEW Issues! Click here now