A necklace of priceless jewels, pulsing with the promise of knowledge beyond the dreams of sorcery? A swirling stream of letters that form the code determining how long we live? Explaining to a nonscientist the significance of the human genome, whose roughly 3.12 billion letters were deciphered this year by J. Craig Venter's Celera Genomics lab in Rockville, Md.—leaving the federally funded Human Genome Project in the dust—calls for extravagant metaphors. Explaining the potential benefits of Celera's accomplishment is, however, quite simple. "It's my goal," says Venter, 54, "to see if we can come up with early diagnostics for cancer and translate this basic information into things that make a real difference in people's lives."

Not that Venter enjoys universal acclaim, especially among fellow scientists, some of whom see him as a buccaneer trying to hijack the very essence of humanity for profit. And, cautions bioethicist Gail Geller of the Bioethics Institute at Johns Hopkins University, the deciphering extends "a self-perpetuating view of the importance of genes." Beyond the scientific and ethical issues, though, there is the issue of Venter himself. "I wouldn't call him the most diplomatic person I've ever met," concedes his wife, molecular biologist Claire Fraser, 45. And unlike most scientists, Venter lives like a prince of commerce, driving a black Porsche and amassing 1.4 million shares of Celera stock. Venter was a surfer in Newport Beach, Calif., in 1965 when he was drafted, and he says service as a medical corpsman in Vietnam changed him: "I turned 21 in Vietnam. How can you not think about the shortness of life?" Both Celera and its counterparts at the Human Genome Project still have much work to do. "This year we determined all the spelling of the letters in the human chromosome," explains Venter. "We are now in the process of beginning to determine what those letters mean."

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